keep-alive
介绍
keep-alive
是 vue
中的内置组件,能在组件切换过程中将状态保留在内存中,防止重复渲染 DOM
它有以下三个属性:
include
被缓存的组件名称,支持字符串、数组与正则exclude
不被缓存的组件名称,支持字符串、数组与正则max
最多可缓存组件实例个数,超出则会将最先被缓存的组件移除缓存
注意:
- 是组件的
name
,而不是路由的name
; - 若未设置以上属性,则将缓存下面所有的组件;
- 如果被缓存组件没有
name
,则获取组件的tag
。
被 keep-alive
的组件会有 activated
与 deactivated
生命周期。其触发顺序有两种情况:
- 首次进入:...
mounted
->activated
->beforeRouteLeave
->deactivated
... - 下次进入:...
activated
->beforeRouteLeave
->deactivated
...
区别就是再次进入时不会再触发 mounted
钩子。
旧版无 include 等属性时处理方式,以及存在的问题
HTML
<div class='wrapper'>
<keep-alive>
<!-- 需要缓存的视图组件 -->
<router-view v-if="$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view>
</keep-alive>
<!-- 不需要缓存的视图组件 -->
<router-view v-if="!$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view>
</div>
<div class='wrapper'>
<keep-alive>
<!-- 需要缓存的视图组件 -->
<router-view v-if="$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view>
</keep-alive>
<!-- 不需要缓存的视图组件 -->
<router-view v-if="!$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view>
</div>
以上实现方法,当路由从缓存页面离开时,缓存页面仍会触发 mounted
生命周期。
源码实现
JS
export default {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true,
props: {
include: [String, RegExp, Array],
exclude: [String, RegExp, Array],
max: [String, Number]
},
created () {
this.cache = Object.create(null)
this.keys = []
},
destroyed () {
for (const key in this.cache) {
pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys)
}
},
mounted () {
this.$watch('include', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => matches(val, name))
})
this.$watch('exclude', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => !matches(val, name))
})
},
render() {
/* 获取默认插槽中的第一个组件节点 */
const slot = this.$slots.default
const vnode = getFirstComponentChild(slot)
/* 获取该组件节点的componentOptions */
const componentOptions = vnode && vnode.componentOptions
if (componentOptions) {
/* 获取该组件节点的名称,优先获取组件的name字段,如果name不存在则获取组件的tag */
const name = getComponentName(componentOptions)
const { include, exclude } = this
/* 如果name不在inlcude中或者存在于exlude中则表示不缓存,直接返回vnode */
if (
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) ||
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name))
) {
return vnode
}
const { cache, keys } = this
/* 获取组件的key值 */
const key = vnode.key == null
// same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
? componentOptions.Ctor.cid + (componentOptions.tag ? `::${componentOptions.tag}` : '')
: vnode.key
/* 拿到key值后去this.cache对象中去寻找是否有该值,如果有则表示该组件有缓存,即命中缓存 */
if (cache[key]) {
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key)
keys.push(key)
}
/* 如果没有命中缓存,则将其设置进缓存 */
else {
cache[key] = vnode
keys.push(key)
// prune oldest entry
/* 如果配置了max并且缓存的长度超过了this.max,则从缓存中删除第一个 */
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys, this._vnode)
}
}
vnode.data.keepAlive = true
}
return vnode || (slot && slot[0])
}
}
export default {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true,
props: {
include: [String, RegExp, Array],
exclude: [String, RegExp, Array],
max: [String, Number]
},
created () {
this.cache = Object.create(null)
this.keys = []
},
destroyed () {
for (const key in this.cache) {
pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys)
}
},
mounted () {
this.$watch('include', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => matches(val, name))
})
this.$watch('exclude', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => !matches(val, name))
})
},
render() {
/* 获取默认插槽中的第一个组件节点 */
const slot = this.$slots.default
const vnode = getFirstComponentChild(slot)
/* 获取该组件节点的componentOptions */
const componentOptions = vnode && vnode.componentOptions
if (componentOptions) {
/* 获取该组件节点的名称,优先获取组件的name字段,如果name不存在则获取组件的tag */
const name = getComponentName(componentOptions)
const { include, exclude } = this
/* 如果name不在inlcude中或者存在于exlude中则表示不缓存,直接返回vnode */
if (
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) ||
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name))
) {
return vnode
}
const { cache, keys } = this
/* 获取组件的key值 */
const key = vnode.key == null
// same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
? componentOptions.Ctor.cid + (componentOptions.tag ? `::${componentOptions.tag}` : '')
: vnode.key
/* 拿到key值后去this.cache对象中去寻找是否有该值,如果有则表示该组件有缓存,即命中缓存 */
if (cache[key]) {
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key)
keys.push(key)
}
/* 如果没有命中缓存,则将其设置进缓存 */
else {
cache[key] = vnode
keys.push(key)
// prune oldest entry
/* 如果配置了max并且缓存的长度超过了this.max,则从缓存中删除第一个 */
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys, this._vnode)
}
}
vnode.data.keepAlive = true
}
return vnode || (slot && slot[0])
}
}